# Palace Width Sweep: Parallel Simulation Sweep the microstrip width from 5 to 50 um (5 points), run all simulations in parallel on GDSFactory+ cloud using the non-blocking API, then compare S11 and S21 across widths. **Requirements:** - IHP PDK: `uv pip install ihp-gdsfactory` - [GDSFactory+]() account for cloud simulation ### Define the sweep ```python import numpy as np widths = np.arange(2, 21, 4) ``` ### Build components and configure simulations ```python import gdsfactory as gf from ihp import LAYER, PDK, cells from gsim.common.stack import get_stack from gsim.palace import DrivenSim PDK.activate() stack = get_stack() # auto-detects active PDK sims = [] for w in widths: # Build component c = gf.Component() r1 = c << cells.straight_metal(length=1000, width=w) r = c.get_region(layer=LAYER.TopMetal2drawing) r_sized = r.sized(+20000) c.add_polygon(r_sized, layer=LAYER.Metal1drawing) c.add_ports(r1.ports) # Configure simulation sim = DrivenSim() sim.set_output_dir(f"./palace-sim-w{w:.1f}") sim.set_geometry(c) sim.set_stack(stack) # Surround the design with air. Without this the absorbing boundary sits # directly on the passivation, microns above the trace, and adds large # spurious loss and reflection. sim.set_airbox(margin_x=50, margin_y=50, z_above=100, z_below=100) for port in c.ports: sim.add_port( port.name, from_layer="metal1", to_layer="topmetal2", geometry="interlayer" ) sim.set_driven(fmin=1e9, fmax=100e9, num_points=80) sim.mesh(preset="default") sims.append(sim) print(f"Configured {len(sims)} simulations") ``` ```text Small conductor feature detected (2.000 um) may be under-resolved by refined_mesh_size=5.000 um. The heuristic target is <= 1.000 um (2 cells/feature). Pass auto_size=True to scale the mesh down. Small conductor feature detected (6.000 um) may be under-resolved by refined_mesh_size=5.000 um. The heuristic target is <= 3.000 um (2 cells/feature). Pass auto_size=True to scale the mesh down. Configured 5 simulations ``` ### Upload and start all jobs (non-blocking) ```python # Upload and start all jobs without waiting job_ids = [] for sim in sims: job_id = sim.run(wait=False, check_cache=True) job_ids.append(job_id) print(f"Started {len(job_ids)} jobs: {job_ids}") ``` ```text Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9203 nodes Info : 69098 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9203 nodes Info : 69098 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9203 nodes Info : 69098 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w2.0/palace.msh' Cache hit: reusing job 01a163d4-0d48-7747-8d96-86cd2e5aaaec Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9838 nodes Info : 74046 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9838 nodes Info : 74046 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9838 nodes Info : 74046 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w6.0/palace.msh' Cache hit: reusing job 01a163d4-15b9-72cb-b53b-83114592f5e0 Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9784 nodes Info : 73826 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9784 nodes Info : 73826 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9784 nodes Info : 73826 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w10.0/palace.msh' Cache hit: reusing job 01a163d5-9a12-74e5-b720-f60e1a6f2512 Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9643 nodes Info : 72801 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9643 nodes Info : 72801 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9643 nodes Info : 72801 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w14.0/palace.msh' Cache hit: reusing job 01a163d5-a2e2-751b-b843-aaf15ab33440 Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9918 nodes Info : 74998 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9918 nodes Info : 74998 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh' Info : Reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh'... Info : 9918 nodes Info : 74998 elements Info : Done reading 'palace-sim-w18.0/palace.msh' Cache hit: reusing job 01a163d4-2d7d-7649-ba1e-8262b5e55ad7 Started 5 jobs: ['01a163d4-0d48-7747-8d96-86cd2e5aaaec', '01a163d4-15b9-72cb-b53b-83114592f5e0', '01a163d5-9a12-74e5-b720-f60e1a6f2512', '01a163d5-a2e2-751b-b843-aaf15ab33440', '01a163d4-2d7d-7649-ba1e-8262b5e55ad7'] ``` ### Wait for all jobs to complete ```python import gsim # Poll all jobs concurrently, download and parse results results = gsim.wait_for_results(job_ids) ``` ```text Waiting for 5 jobs... palace-db9147a1 [####################] 100% complete elapsed 0m 00s palace-e9106bbb [####################] 100% complete elapsed 0m 00s palace-c7a14914 [####################] 100% complete elapsed 0m 00s palace-8859b12b [####################] 100% complete elapsed 0m 00s palace-941c9571 [####################] 100% complete elapsed 0m 00s Extracting results.tar.gz... Downloaded 12 files to sim-data-palace-db9147a1 Extracting results.tar.gz... Downloaded 12 files to sim-data-palace-e9106bbb Extracting results.tar.gz... Downloaded 12 files to sim-data-palace-c7a14914 Extracting results.tar.gz... Downloaded 12 files to sim-data-palace-8859b12b Extracting results.tar.gz... Downloaded 12 files to sim-data-palace-941c9571 ``` ### Plot S11 and S21 comparison ```python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(6, 6)) for w, sp in zip(widths, results, strict=True): ax1.plot(sp.freq, sp.s11.db, label=f"w={w:.1f} um") ax2.plot(sp.freq, sp.s21.db, label=f"w={w:.1f} um") ax1.set( xlabel="Frequency (GHz)", ylabel="|S11| (dB)", title="S11 — Return Loss vs Width" ) ax1.legend() ax1.grid(True) ax2.set( xlabel="Frequency (GHz)", ylabel="|S21| (dB)", title="S21 — Insertion Loss vs Width" ) ax2.legend() ax2.grid(True) plt.tight_layout() ```